Ubwoko bw'amabara ku myenda biragoye kumenya n'amaso kandi bigomba kugenwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa shimi.Ubu muri rusange uburyo rusange ni ukwishingikiriza kumoko yamabara yatanzwe nuruganda cyangwa usaba ubugenzuzi, hiyongereyeho uburambe bwabagenzuzi no gusobanukirwa kwuruganda rukora.guca imanza.Niba tutagaragaje ubwoko bw'irangi hakiri kare, birashoboka cyane ko ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa bizafatwa nkibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa, nta gushidikanya ko bizagira ingaruka zikomeye.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwa chimique bwo kumenya amarangi, kandi inzira rusange iragoye, itwara igihe kandi ikora cyane.Kubwibyo, iyi ngingo itangiza uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya ubwoko bwamabara kuri fibre ya selile mumyenda yanditswe kandi irangi.
ihame
Menya amahame yuburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya
Ukurikije ihame ryo gusiga amarangi kumyenda, ubwoko bwamabara asanzwe akoreshwa mubintu bisanzwe byimyenda ni ibi bikurikira:
Irangi rya Acrylic fibre-cationic
Nylon na protein fibre-aside irangi
Polyester nizindi fibre fibre-ikwirakwiza amarangi
Fibre ya selile - itaziguye, irunga, ikora, vat, naftol, ibifuniko n'amabara ya phthalocyanine
Ku myenda ivanze cyangwa ihujwe, ubwoko bw'irangi bukoreshwa ukurikije ibice byabyo.Kurugero, kubijyanye na polyester hamwe nipamba, ibice bya polyester bikozwe hamwe n amarangi yatatanye, mugihe igice cyipamba gikozwe hamwe nubwoko bwirangi buvuzwe haruguru, nko gutatanya / kuvanga ipamba.Igikorwa, gutatanya / kugabanya inzira, nibindi Harimo imyenda nibikoresho byimyenda nkumugozi na webbing.
Uburyo
1. Gutoranya no kubanza gutunganya
Intambwe zingenzi mukumenya ubwoko bwirangi kuri fibre ya selile ni icyitegererezo hamwe nicyitegererezo.Mugihe ufata icyitegererezo, ibice by'irangi rimwe bigomba gufatwa.Niba icyitegererezo kirimo amajwi menshi, buri bara rigomba gufatwa.Niba bisabwa kumenya fibre, ubwoko bwa fibre bugomba kwemezwa ukurikije FZ / TO1057.Niba hari umwanda, amavuta, hamwe nubushuhe kurugero bizagira ingaruka kubigeragezo, bigomba kuvurwa hamwe nogukoresha amazi mumazi ashyushye kuri 60-70 ° C muminota 15, gukaraba, no gukama.Niba icyitegererezo kizwiho kuba cyarangiye, koresha uburyo bukurikira.
1) Kuvura aside irike hamwe na 1% hydrochloric aside kuri 70-80 ° C muminota 15, koga kandi wumishe.
2) Kubisigazwa bya acrylic, icyitegererezo kirashobora kugarukwaho inshuro 50-100 mumasaha 2-3, hanyuma ukakaraba hanyuma ukumishwa.
3) Ibisigarira bya Silicone birashobora kuvurwa nisabune 5g / L hamwe na karubone ya sodium ya 5g / L 90cI muminota 15, gukaraba no gukama.
2. Uburyo bwo kumenya amarangi ataziguye
Guteka icyitegererezo hamwe na mL 5 kugeza 10 mL yumuti wamazi urimo mL 1 yamazi ya amoniya yibanze kugirango ukuremo irangi neza.
Kuramo icyitegererezo cyakuweho, shyira 10-30mg yimyenda yera na 5-50mg ya sodium chloride mumuti wo kuyikuramo, uteke kuri 40-80, usigeho gukonjesha hanyuma ukarabe namazi.Niba umwenda wera wamabara usize irangi hafi yicyitegererezo, dushobora kwemeza ko irangi ryakoreshejwe mugusiga irangi ari irangi ritaziguye.
3. Nigute ushobora kumenya amarangi ya sulfuru
Shira icyitegererezo cya 100-300mg mumiyoboro ya test ya 35mL, ongeramo amazi ya 2-3mL, 1-2mL 10% ya sodium ya karubone ya sodium na sodium sulfide 200-400mg, shyushya kandi ubiteke muminota 1-2, fata umwenda wera wa 25-50mg kandi 10-20mg icyitegererezo cya sodium chloride mumashanyarazi.Guteka muminota 1-2.Kuramo hanyuma ubishyire kumpapuro zungurura kugirango byemere kongera okiside.Niba urumuri rwamabara ruvuyeho rusa nibara ryumwimerere kandi rutandukanye gusa nigicucu, birashobora gufatwa nkibara rya sulfide cyangwa sulfide.
4. Nigute ushobora kumenya amarangi ya vat
Shira icyitegererezo cya 100-300mg mumashanyarazi ya 35mL, ongeramo amazi ya 2-3mL na 0.5-1mL 10% ya hydroxide ya sodium hydroxide, ubushyuhe no guteka, hanyuma ushyiremo ifu yubwishingizi 10-20mg, uteke kuri 0.5-1min, fata icyitegererezo hanyuma ushire muri 25-10% sodium hydroxide yumuti.50mg igitambara cyera na 0-20mg sodium ya chloride, komeza uteke kuri 40-80, hanyuma ukonje kugeza ubushyuhe bwicyumba.Kuramo umwenda w'ipamba hanyuma ubishyire kumpapuro zungurura kugirango okiside.Niba ibara nyuma ya okiside isa nibara ryumwimerere, byerekana ko hariho irangi rya vat.
5. Nigute ushobora kumenya irangi rya Naftol
Guteka icyitegererezo inshuro 100 zingana na 1% ya hydrochloric acide muminota 3.Nyuma yo kozwa neza namazi, ubiteke hamwe na 5-10 mL yamazi ya amoniya 1% muminota 2.Niba irangi ridashobora gukururwa cyangwa amafaranga yo gukuramo ni make cyane, noneho uyivure hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium na sodium dithionite.Nyuma yo guhindura ibara cyangwa guhindura ibara, ibara ryumwimerere ntirishobora gusubizwa nubwo ryaba ryarahumanye mu kirere, kandi ko ibyuma bidashobora kwemezwa.Muri iki gihe, ibizamini 2 bikurikira birashobora gukorwa.Niba irangi rishobora gukururwa mu kizamini 1), no muri 2) Mu kizamini, niba umwenda w'ipamba wera usize irangi ry'umuhondo kandi ugatanga urumuri rwa fluorescent, dushobora kwemeza ko irangi ryakoreshejwe murugero ari irangi rya Naftol.
1) Shira icyitegererezo mumiyoboro yikizamini, ongeramo 5mL ya pyridine hanyuma ubiteke kugirango urebe niba irangi ryakuwe.
2) Shira icyitegererezo mumiyoboro yipimisha, ongeramo mL 2 yumuti wa hydroxide ya sodium 10% na 5 mL ya Ethanol, ongeramo 5 mL yamazi na sodium dithionite nyuma yo guteka, hanyuma ubira kugirango ugabanye.Nyuma yo gukonjesha, kuyungurura, shyira umwenda wera na mg 20-30 mg sodium ya chloride muri filtrate, guteka muminota 1-2, kureka gukonjesha, gukuramo umwenda w ipamba, no kureba niba igitambaro cya pamba floresces iyo cyerekanwe numucyo ultraviolet.
6. Nigute ushobora kumenya amarangi akora
Ikiranga amarangi adasanzwe ni uko afite imiti ihamye ya fibre kandi igoye gushonga mumazi no mumashanyarazi.Kugeza ubu, nta buryo bwihariye bwo kugerageza.Ikizamini cyamabara gishobora gukorwa mbere, ukoresheje igisubizo cyamazi ya 1: 1 ya dimethylmethylamine na 100% dimethylformamide kugirango ibara amabara.Irangi ridafite ibara ni irangi ryikora.Ku bikoresho by'imyenda nk'imikandara y'ipamba, irangi ryangiza ibidukikije rikoreshwa cyane.
7. Nigute ushobora kumenya irangi
Ipitingi, izwi kandi nka pigment, ntaho ihuriye na fibre kandi igomba gukenera kuri fibre ikoresheje ibifatika (mubisanzwe bifata resin).Microscopi irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma.Banza ukureho ibinyamisogwe cyangwa resin birangiza bishobora kuba bihari kurugero kugirango birinde kubangamira kumenya irangi.Ongeramo igitonyanga 1 cya salilike ya Ethyl kuri fibre yavuzwe haruguru, uyipfundikire hamwe nigitambaro hanyuma uyitegereze munsi ya microscope.Niba ubuso bwa fibre busa na granular, burashobora kumenyekana nka pigment ihuza ibara (irangi).
8. Nigute ushobora kumenya amarangi ya phthalocyanine
Iyo aside nitricike yibanze kuri sample, irangi ryicyatsi kibisi ni phthalocyanine.Byongeye kandi, niba icyitegererezo cyatwitswe mumuriro ugahinduka icyatsi, birashobora kandi kwemezwa ko ari irangi rya phthalocyanine.
mu gusoza
Uburyo bwihuse bwo kumenyekanisha bwihuse nuburyo bwo kumenyekanisha byihuse ubwoko bwirangi kuri fibre selile.Binyuze mu ntambwe zo kumenyekanisha hejuru:
Icya mbere, irashobora kwirinda ubuhumyi buterwa gusa no gushingira gusa ku bwoko bw'irangi butangwa nuwabisabye kandi bikareba niba urubanza rugenzurwa neza;
Icya kabiri, binyuze muri ubu buryo bworoshye bwo kugenzura bugamije, inzira nyinshi zo kugerageza zidakenewe zirashobora kugabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-29-2023