Ibikoresho bya Nylonikoreshwa cyane, ntoya kugeza kuri nylon, nini kuri moteri yimodoka ibice bya periferi, nibindi, byatwikiriye ibintu byose mubuzima bwacu.Ahantu hatandukanye hasabwa, ibisabwa kubintu bya nylon nabyo biratandukanye, nko guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwambara no kurwanya ingaruka, kurwanya imiti yimiti, gukorera mu mucyo no kwihangana.
Nylon isanzwe, mubisanzwe yerekeza kuri PA6, PA66 ubwoko bubiri busanzwe.Nylon isanzwe muburyo bwongerewe imbaraga, flame retardant nibindi byahinduwe bizakomeza kugira ibitagenda neza, nka hydrophilicity ikomeye, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukorera mu mucyo nibindi, bikagabanya byinshi mubisabwa.
Kubwibyo, kugirango tunonosore ibitagenda neza kandi twongere ibiranga bishya, muri rusange mugutangiza monomer nshya, dushobora kubona urukurikirane rwa nylon idasanzwe ifite imiterere itandukanye ishobora guhura nibihe bitandukanye byo gukoresha, cyane cyane igabanijwemoubushyuhe bwo hejuru nylon, urunigi rurerure rwa karubone nylon, nylon ibonerana, ibikoresho bishingiye kuri bio nylon na nylon elastomer nibindi.
Noneho, reka tuvuge ibyiciro bya nylon idasanzwe, ibiranga nibisabwa.
Gutondekanya no gusaba ingero zanylon
1. Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi - ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nylon
Mbere ya byose, nylon yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yerekana ibikoresho bya nylon bishobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije biri hejuru ya 150 ° C mugihe kirekire.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru nylon busanzwe buboneka mugutangiza monomers zikomeye.Kurugero, all-aromatic nylon, ibisanzwe ni Kevlar ya DuPont, itegurwa nigisubizo cya p-benzoyl chloride hamwe na p-phenylenediamine cyangwa p-amino-benzoic aside, bita PPTA, irashobora gukomeza imbaraga nziza kuri 280 ° C kuri 200h.
Nyamara, impumuro nziza yoseubushyuhe nylonntabwo aribyiza gutunganya kandi biragoye kugera kubitera inshinge, kubwibyo igice cya aromatique yubushyuhe bwo hejuru nylon hamwe na alifatique na aromatic birashimwa cyane.Kugeza ubu, amoko menshi ya nylon yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, nka PA4T, PA6T, PA9T, PA10T, nibindi, ahanini ni igice cya aromatique yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa nylon polymerized kuva kumurongo ugororotse alifatique diamine na aside terephthalic.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nylon bukoreshwa cyane mubice byimodoka, ibice byubukanishi nibice byamashanyarazi.
2. Gukomera cyane - urunigi rurerure rwa karubone nylon
Iya kabiri ni karubone ndende ya nylon, ubusanzwe yerekeza ku bikoresho bya nylon bifite methylene zirenga 10 mumurongo wa molekile.
Ku ruhande rumwe, karubone ndende ya karubone nylon ifite amatsinda menshi ya methylene, bityo ikagira ubukana bwinshi nubwitonzi.Ku rundi ruhande, kugabanuka kwubucucike bwamatsinda ya amide kumurongo wa molekile bigabanya cyane hydrophilicity kandi bikazamura ihame ryacyo, kandi ubwoko bwayo ni PA11, PA12, PA610, PA1010, PA1212 nibindi.
Nkubwoko butandukanye bwa plastike yubuhanga, urunigi rurerure rwa karubone nylon rufite ibyiza byo kwinjiza amazi make, kurwanya ubushyuhe buke buke, ingano ihamye, gukomera gukomeye, kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika, nibindi, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, itumanaho, imashini , ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ikirere, ibicuruzwa bya siporo nibindi bice.
3. Gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi - nylon iboneye
Ubusanzwe nylon isanzwe igaragara neza, itumanaho ryumucyo hagati ya 50% na 80%, naho itumanaho rya nylon risobanutse muri rusange rirenga 90%.
Nylon isobanutse irashobora guhindurwa nuburyo bwumubiri nubumashini.Uburyo bufatika nugushyiramo nucleating agent no kugabanya ingano yingano kumurongo ugaragara kugirango ubone microcrystalline transparent nylon.Uburyo bwa chimique nugutangiza monomer irimo itsinda ryuruhande cyangwa imiterere yimpeta, gusenya ubudahangarwa bwurunigi, no kubona amorphous transparent nylon.
Nylon isobanutse irashobora gukoreshwa mubinyobwa no gupakira ibiryo, ariko kandi irashobora gukora ibikoresho bya optique hamwe nibice bya mudasobwa, umusaruro winganda zo kugenzura Windows, idirishya ryibikoresho bya X-ray, ibikoresho byo gupima, ububiko bwa electrostatic kopi yububiko, ububiko bwamatara adasanzwe, ibikoresho nibikoresho byabigenewe. .
4. Kuramba - Bio-bishingiyeIbikoresho Nylon
Kugeza ubu, inyinshi mu nganda zikoreshwa mu bwoko bwa nylon zikomoka mu nzira yo gutunganya peteroli, naho monomer syntique y'ibikoresho bishingiye ku binyabuzima nylon ikomoka mu nzira yo kuvoma ibikoresho bibisi, nka Arkema binyuze mu nzira yo gukuramo amavuta ya castor kugirango ibone amino undecanoic aside hanyuma synthique nylon 11.
Ugereranije n’ibikoresho gakondo bishingiye ku mavuta nylon, ibikoresho bishingiye kuri bio nylon ntabwo bifite gusa akamaro gakomeye ka karubone n’ibidukikije, ariko kandi birashobora no gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye bikenewe kugirango bikemuke, nka Shandong Kaisai bio ishingiye kuri PA5X, Arkema Urukurikirane rwa Rilsan mubice byimodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ninganda zicapura 3D nibindi bintu byakoreshejwe neza.
5.Ubuhanga bukomeye - nylon elastomer
Nylon elastomerbivuga ubwoko bwa nylon bufite imbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoheje nibindi biranga, ariko birakwiye ko tuvuga ko urwego rwa molekile igizwe na nylon elastomer atari ibice byose byumunyururu wa polyamide, hamwe nuduce twinshi twa polyester cyangwa polyester, ubwoko bwubucuruzi bukunze kugaragara ni polyether block amide (PEBA).
Imikorere iranga PEBA ni imbaraga zingana cyane, gukira neza kwa elastique, imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane, imbaraga zidasanzwe zo guhangana nubushyuhe, imikorere myiza ya antistatike, nibindi, bikoreshwa mukweto wimisozi, inkweto za ski, ibikoresho byo gucecekesha hamwe nubuvuzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-27-2023